Theravada Buddhism: developed in Sri Lanka, where early teachings were preserved and formalized. It emphasizes personal discipline, meditation, and ethical living as the means to achieve enlightenment. This tradition is dominant in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos.

Mahayana Buddhism: emerged later and introduced additional texts attributed to the Buddha. It teaches that a bodhisattva—an enlightened being—may delay final liberation in order to help others escape suffering. Compassion for all sentient beings is central to this stream, which spread widely across China, Japan, Vietnam, and the Korean peninsula.

Tibetan Buddhism: developed from Indian Mahayana traditions and emphasizes ritual, symbolism, chanting, and visualization practices. It seeks to accelerate enlightenment through structured spiritual disciplines and devotion to heavenly bodhisattvas.

In recent decades, Buddhism in Western societies has often been reframed as a personal wellness practice rather than a religious commitment.

Many are drawn to meditation for stress reduction, emotional balance, or mental clarity, frequently detached from traditional beliefs about karma, rebirth, or enlightenment.

Some engage through structured retreats, mindfulness programs, or guided practices led by teachers trained in Asian traditions.

Others adopt eclectic approaches, blending Buddhist techniques with psychology or self-help philosophies, while remaining active in secular lifestyles and professions.